History pliny the elder biography of mahatma
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Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder (23/24–79 CE) was a Roman writer whose Natural History (c. 77-79 CE) was an important source for natural history and other sciences in the classical period and beyond, covering zoology, botany, medicin, geology, geography, farming, and many other disciplines. Pliny applied a skeptical eye to many topics, ansträngande to distinguish knowledge from superstition,[1] and he was usually good about describing his sources. He was also dismissive of most forms of magic.
Although the Natural History was an enormous achievement, some sections were not entirely accurate, and contained a wide range of fantastical, mythical, and cryptozoological beasts, as well as some other topics which have recurred in pseudoscience, pseudohistory, and pseudogeography ever since — generally reproduced credulously without any of Pliny's skepticism.[1]
Biography[edit]
Pliny lived in the early days of the Roman Empire. In a tragic example of a scientist
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Indigo: The story of India’s ‘blue gold’
It is 6am in the small village of Kongarapattu in South India and the cloudy October sky is threatening to burst. In the factory, a foreman scuttles around anxiously, checking for absent labourers; two sari-clad neighbours whisper to one another while combing their long hair; and stray dogs run amok, sensing the anticipation in the air.
For four generations indigo has been grown, harvested and made into dye on this family-owned plot in Tamil Nadu.
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This book was given to me by a relative of the author. Published in 1922, just seven years after Gandhi’s arrival in India, it paints an unflattering portrait of the Mahatma. The author, Chettur Sankaran Nair, had been elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1897. In October 1915 (10 months after Gandhi’s arrival in India), Nair was appointed as a Member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council. He resigned in July 1919, soon after the Jallianwalabagh massacre. At that time he was the only Indian on the Council. Annie Besant and C F Andrews tried to persuade him to remain. Nair refused.
“Mr. Gandhi is not leading his followers in the direction of the promised land,” wrote Nair. “He is not only going in the opposite direction but instead of toughening our fibre by a life of toil and struggle is endeavouring to entirely emasculate us and render us altogether unfit for the glorious destiny that, but for him and others like him, is awaiting us.”
Nair was appalled by Gandhi’s