Smithson tennant biography of abraham
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The Early History of Synthetic Diamond
THE AUSTRALIAN GEMMOLOGIST | The Early History of Synthetic Diamond
James Evans, EG, Lustre GemmologyJames@LustreGemmology.com
Acknowledgements
The author gratefully acknowledges support from Peter Müller at the Dresden State Art Collections for an image of “The Lens of the Royal Palace”; Robin Hansen from the Natural History Museum, London, for an image of one of James Hannay’s diamonds; and Judy Colbert and the Richard T. Liddicoat Gemological Library and Information Center (GIA), for an image of five crystal specimens (submitted to the GIA laboratory by J. Willard Hershey). The author is also indebted to Léonie Rennie for her comments on numerous drafts of the manuscript.
Abstract
As synthetic diamonds become increasingly prominent in the jewellery market, this article honours the incremental steps taken by scientists, over a quarter of a millennium, to understand and ultimately replicate the world’s most valuable gemstone.
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Britain: 1660-1832
BRITAIN: 1600–1832
For items covering the period 1600–60 see above under 1485–1660
POLITICAL HISTORY
General
The parliamentary representation of Yorkshire boroughs, 1640–85. P.A. Bolton. Leeds M.A. 1966.
The political career of Philip, 4th Lord Wharton, 1613–96. G.F.T. Jones. Oxford D.Phil. 1957.
Richard efternamn, 2nd earl of Carbery, 1606–86. T.S. Williams. Wales M.A. 1936.
Colonel Philip Jones, 1618–74. A.G. Veysey. Wales M.A. 1958.
The evolution of the ledning of the treasury in England during the years 1660–1714. Doris M. Gill. London M.A. 1919.
Members of parliament and elections in Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Staffordshire between 1660 and 1714. Pamela W.U. Ward. Manchester M.A. 1959.
Surrey politics in later Stuart England, 1660–1714. J.S.T. Turner. Newcastle M.Litt. 1969.
The parliamentary history of the borough of Tamworth, Staffordshire, 1661–1837. D.G. Stuart. London M.A. (Ext.) 1958.
The relations between Lor • INTRODUCTION What do we mean by a chemical element? A chemical element is matter, all of whose atoms are alike in having the same positive charge on the nucleus and the same number of extra-nuclear electrons. As we shall see in the following elemental review, the origin of the chemical elements show a wide diversity with some of these elements having an origin in antiquity, other elements having been discovered within the past few hundred years and still others have been synthesized within the past fifty years via nuclear reactions on heavy elements since these other elements are unstable and radioactive and do not exist in nature. The names of the various chemical elements come from many sources including mythological concepts or characte
Prepared for the 41st IUPAC General assembly in Brisbane, Australia June 29th - July 8th, 2001 BNL-NCS-68350-01/10-REV